The National Statistics Office (NSO), under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, on March 29, released its annual publication titled Energy Statistics India 2025. This publication serves as an integrated dataset containing crucial information on reserves, capacity, production, consumption, and import/export of various energy commodities in India. These include coal, lignite, petroleum, natural gas, and renewable energy sources, among others. The report also features detailed tables such as the Energy Balance, graphical representations like the Sankey Diagram, and Sustainable Energy Indicators that adhere to international standards.
A notable addition to this year’s publication is a new chapter on Energy Accounts, developed in accordance with the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA) 2012 framework. This chapter presents Asset Accounts and Physical Supply and Use Tables for the fiscal years 2022-23 and 2023-24, providing a structured representation of energy data within the economic and environmental contexts.
Growth in energy supply and consumption
India has shown resilience in its energy sector, overcoming the disruptions caused by the global pandemic and sustaining its ambitious vision of becoming a Viksit Bharat by 2047. During the financial year 2023-24, the Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) of the country recorded a robust growth of 7.8 per cent over the previous year, reaching 9,03,158 KToE (Kilo Tonnes of Oil Equivalent). This indicates a steady expansion in energy availability and reflects the country’s commitment to achieving energy security while sustaining economic growth.
Renewable energy potential and growth
India has immense potential for generating renewable energy, with an estimated total capacity of 21,09,655 Megawatts as of March 31, 2024. Wind power holds the largest share, accounting for 11,63,856 Megawatts (approximately 55 per cent of the total potential). Solar energy follows with 7,48,990 Megawatts, while large hydro projects contribute 1,33,410 Megawatts. Notably, over half of the country’s renewable energy potential is concentrated within four states: Rajasthan (20.3 per cent), Maharashtra (11.8 per cent), Gujarat (10.5 per cent), and Karnataka (9.8 per cent).
Over the past decade, India has experienced a significant rise in the installed capacity for generating electricity from renewable sources. In 2015, the installed capacity was 81,593 Megawatts, which surged to 1,98,213 Megawatts by March 2024, reflecting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10.36 per cent. This increase underscores India’s ongoing transition towards a sustainable energy future and its commitment to reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
Electricity generation and consumption trends
The gross electricity generation from renewable resources has witnessed remarkable growth, increasing from 2,05,608 GWh in 2014-15 to 3,70,320 GWh in 2023-24. This translates to a CAGR of 6.76 per cent, highlighting India’s persistent efforts in expanding its renewable energy infrastructure.
Similarly, per-capita energy consumption has grown steadily over the years. In 2014-15, the per-capita energy consumption stood at 14,682 Mega Joules per person. By 2023-24, this figure had risen to 18,410 Mega Joules per person, marking a CAGR of 2.55 per cent. This upward trajectory signifies improved access to energy across various sectors and enhanced living standards in the country.
Enhancements in energy efficiency
One of the major advancements in India’s energy sector is the improved efficiency in electricity utilization. Over the past decade, the country has successfully reduced transmission and distribution losses, which stood at around 23 per cent in 2014-15 but have now been brought down to approximately 17 per cent in 2023-24. This improvement is attributed to infrastructural upgrades, modernization of the power grid, and enhanced monitoring and management of energy transmission systems.
Sector-wise energy consumption
Among all major end-use energy-consuming sectors, the industrial sector has seen the highest expansion in consumption. The energy consumption for industrial activities increased from 2,42,418 KToE in 2014-15 to 3,11,822 KToE in 2023-24. Other key sectors, including commercial and public services, residential, and agriculture and forestry, have also demonstrated steady growth in energy usage over the years. This pattern indicates an overall expansion in economic activities and a higher demand for energy-intensive operations.
Future prospects and sustainability initiatives
India’s energy landscape is set for further transformation as the country intensifies efforts towards achieving its renewable energy targets and enhancing efficiency in energy consumption. With ambitious goals such as increasing the share of non-fossil fuel-based capacity and reducing carbon emissions, India continues to align its energy policies with global sustainability frameworks.
Additionally, government initiatives such as the National Solar Mission, National Hydrogen Energy Mission, and incentives for electric mobility further bolster the country’s commitment to clean energy. As the renewable energy sector continues to expand, India is poised to become a global leader in sustainable energy production, setting an example for other nations in balancing economic growth with environmental responsibility.
The Energy Statistics India 2025 publication provides a comprehensive overview of India’s energy sector progress, highlighting supply, consumption, and efficiency growth. With a clear trajectory towards a sustainable and energy-secure future, India remains steadfast in its vision of becoming a developed nation by 2047. The data and insights from this report highlights the country’s resilience, innovation, and commitment to harnessing renewable energy sources while ensuring inclusive economic development.
