Amid ongoing social media trends, women journalists in Delhi made a powerful statement for women’s rights and dignity by attending the Afghan Foreign Minister’s press conference at the Afghan Embassy without wearing the hijab. In such a situation, the question arises – was this visit of the Afghan Foreign Minister just a diplomatic meeting or is there a bigger game going on behind it in the geopolitical strategy of South Asia? Was there a deliberate attempt by some sections to create controversy during this visit, so as to divert the attention from the real issues of geopolitical bargain? In fact, just few days before coming to India, Afghan Foreign Minister Aamir Khan Muttaqi had said: “We have invited India to invest in Afghanistan’s mineral and energy sector. For these rare minerals, the Western countries and the Trump administration are eyeing Pakistan – sometimes by intimidation, sometimes by cajoling and sometimes by luring, in an effort to further their interests.
Afghanistan’s mineral sector is not only vast but also very important from a strategic point of view. According to a report by the US Geological Survey, Afghanistan has mineral resources worth about ₹83 lakh crore. These include lithium, copper, iron, cobalt, gold and rare earth elements. Large reserves of lithium and copper have been found in particular in the provinces of Ghazni, Herat and Logar—which have become the focus of the global race for lithium, the so-called “white oil” of the 21st century. Since the withdrawal of the Taliban rule in 2021, China, Russia and Iran have intensified efforts to increase their economic-strategic influence in the region. In 2023, Chinese company Xinjiang Central Asia Petroleum and Gas Company signed a $540 million contract for oil extraction in Afghanistan’s Amu Darya Basin. Similarly, China Metallurgical Corporation of China recently got the green light to restart the Mes Aynak copper project — believed to be one of the largest disused copper mines in the world. Western countries are also not behind. The EU has classified Afghanistan as a “potential supply source” in its “Critical Raw Materials Act” for 2024. According to a US Department of Energy report (2023), “If Afghanistan provides stable governance and a secure investment framework, it could become the next global hub of the lithium supply chain.
This situation has brought both opportunities and challenges for India. India’s lithium import dependence is more than 95%. Given the increasing demand for electric vehicles and energy storage by 2030, Afghanistan can become a long-term strategic partner for India. India had earlier also proposed investment in Hajigak iron mine project in 2011, but it was stopped due to security reasons. Now Taliban is showing a “pragmatic investment” attitude towards India, which opens a new diplomatic window. This partnership with Afghanistan can provide an opportunity to convert India’s soft power into strategic power. India’s “humanitarian assistance” can now evolve into an “economic reconstruction” dimension — strengthening India’s credibility not only in South Asia but also in Central Asia.
This visit is not just bilateral but is part of the geopolitical realignment of South Asia. Since 2021, China has “accelerated Pakistan-Afghan connectivity under the Belt and Road Initiative; while India has stepped up diplomatic efforts towards strengthening alternative access to Afghanistan through the Chabahar Port and the International North-South Transit Corridor. Amidst all this, Afghanistan’s mineral wealth is emerging as a long-term strategic prize — that indeed has potential to redefine superpower competition, energy security and economic impact.
However, this strategic opportunity also comes with some serious risks: the Taliban regime still lacks international recognition and stability. The local instability make any foreign investment unsafe. Direct mining operations are extremely risky for India. China is already investing in the Afghan mining sector and has practical advantages in security, logistics and border access. Any effort by India will have to either compete with China or indirectly balance it—which will be a long-term strategic challenge. India does not formally recognize the Taliban regime. In such a situation, questions may arise in the international community (especially western countries) regarding economic partnership.
The visit by the Afghan Foreign Minister was not just a diplomatic formality — rather it was an indication of South Asia’s changing power structure, resource politics and strategic equations. Afghanistan’s minerals, especially lithium, are no longer just underground wealth — they have become the new linchpin of the global economy. It is time for India to move forward with its diplomatic acumen, strategic prudence and a balance of regional cooperation — so that this “mineral diplomacy” becomes the foundation of the future and not a part of someone else’s strategy.
