In a landmark move aimed at enhancing food safety standards and ensuring greater transparency in the dairy industry, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has issued a directive mandating the removal of all references to ‘A1’ and ‘A2’ types of milk and milk products from packaging. This order, which applies to food business operators (FBOs) as well as e-commerce platforms, has been met with widespread support from industry players who view it as a positive step towards consumer protection.
The FSSAI’s directive, comes after a thorough review of the claims made by various dairy companies regarding the differentiation between A1 and A2 milk. The distinction is based on the structure of beta-casein protein, a component that varies according to the breed of cow. A1 beta-casein is typically found in milk from cows originating in northern Europe, such as Holstein, Friesian, and Ayrshire breeds, while A2 beta-casein is more common in milk from cows that originated in the Channel Islands and southern France, such as Jersey, Guernsey, and Charolais breeds.
The differentiation between A1 and A2 milk has been a topic of debate among consumers and producers, with some studies suggesting that A2 milk might be healthier, causing fewer digestive issues and containing higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids and potassium. However, the FSSAI has clarified that current food safety regulations do not recognise this distinction, deeming it misleading and inconsistent with the Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006.
The FSSAI’s order has made it clear that all FBOs must remove claims related to A1 and A2 milk from their products immediately. E-commerce platforms are also required to eliminate any such references from their websites. To facilitate compliance, companies have been granted a six-month period to exhaust existing pre-printed labels, with no extensions allowed beyond this timeframe.
Industry leaders have welcomed the FSSAI’s decision, viewing it as a necessary measure to eliminate misleading claims that could confuse consumers. Devendra Shah, Chairman of Parag Milk Foods, expressed strong support for the move, stating, “A1 and A2 is a category developed by marketing gimmick. It is essential that we eliminate misleading claims that can misinform consumers.”
Shah further noted that the trend of differentiating between A1 and A2 milk is diminishing globally, reinforcing the FSSAI’s stance on the matter. “The categorisation of A1 and A2 milk has been largely driven by marketing tactics rather than scientific evidence, and the global trend is moving away from this distinction,” he added.
As the conversation around A1 and A2 milk has captured the attention of consumers in recent years, the FSSAI’s directive refocuses the industry on the overall nutritional value of milk. “Our focus should remain on the comprehensive health benefits of milk—such as its rich content of protein, calcium, and vitamins,” Shah emphasised.
The FSSAI’s directive has been applauded for promoting greater transparency in the dairy sector, aligning India with global best practices in food safety and consumer protection. With the six-month window for compliance now open, the industry is expected to swiftly adapt to the new regulations, ensuring that misleading claims about A1 and A2 milk no longer appear on packaging or online platforms.
Queries sent to major e-commerce platforms, including Amazon, Flipkart, Swiggy, and Zomato, regarding their response to the FSSAI’s directive remained unanswered at the time of publication.
