Ours is a populous country. Here, human is capital, not wealth. So we cannot run capital intensive industries. In May 2008, the executive director of the Ford Foundation International Fellowship, Dr Joan Dassin was on tour in Bharat. In an interview, she said that countries like Bharat, China and Vietnam with fast growing economy, are showing a tremendous growth. But this growth cannot be commodity based. Only human capital can sustain it.
Identical opinions have been echoed by so many scholarly people. As said earlier, the main items which are easily available to us are – human labour, agriculture, natural mines and minerals, textiles and trade etc. Among these elements only human labour is performer and the rest is resources. We can achieve success only when we use the resources in a proper and effective manner.
Human Nature
In ancient times, there had been specific deliberations on human labour and its proper use. Its utilisation had been termed as an act of god and its misutilisation, an act of demon. On its basis, the god and demon were conceptualised. He, who strived for the happiness and development of others along with his own, was said to be a God. On the contrary, he, who thought of his own happiness and consumed the commodities without sharing with any one else, was termed as a Demon. In the present age demonic characteristics are ubiquitous. Hence it is necessary to be cautious about the use of the human labour.
Man wants happiness which can only be achieved through labour or efforts. We cannot receive anything merely by wishing. But a single endeavour by all human beings cannot bring the desired result. Different efforts are to be made for different tasks. For the success of any work, the first requirement is determination, the second is activity, third is several reasons, fourth is several efforts and only then, Luck and Opportunity helps.
Man wants happiness which can only be achieved through labour or efforts. We cannot receive anything merely by wishing
All the animate or so called inanimate creatures develops their attributes according to their nature and they make effort accordingly. By that efforts they try to change their basic characteristics. This change may be development oriented or downfall oriented, but in both the situations, it is the their nature which is the main performer. So in Bharat, we treat them like god since they act and help generously for the welfare of human beings. When everyone is acting according to one’s nature, certainly the task will be accomplished.
It is also noteworthy that the nature of a country will match with the nature of the people of that country. For example, we have never invaded any country, rather we have been invaded by several countries time and again. The Former President of Bharat Dr APJ Kalam had said, “3000 years of our history, people from all over the world invaded us, captured our lands, conquered our minds. From Alexander, the Greek, the Turks, the Mughals, the Portuguese, the British, the French and the Dutch all of them came and looted us, took over what was ours yet we never caused harm or invaded any country for looting or capturing any part of their Land”. It did not happensimply because we have always believed in peace, love and friendship. Invasion or Loot has not been ingrained in our nature. When tolerance, selflessness, simplicity, diligence, satisfaction and devotion to the duty are the basic traits of Bharat, it is quite natural that most of the people living in this country may get infused with these traits. Nature is the foundation of all successful works which cannot be changed by any training. This is the very reason that divine sage Narad Muni suggested to Valmiki to recite “Mara Mara” not “Ram Ram” as it was more suitable to his basic nature.
We have to provide opportunities to the people to choose their employment according to their own nature. Hence, the employment policy should be framed accordingly, it should be based on democratic system, thereby making it successful.
Roadmap for Development
As per renowned Economists, the essence of the matter is that we want development which aims for the income growth of every individual and equitable distribution of income later. Equitable distribution of income can be achieved through business and employment. Capital is essential for a business whereas labour is needed for employment. But it is an undeniable fact that Employment is the mother of both the growth of industry and capital. So by virtue of employment the following possibilities appear in succession: (see Table 1)
The production of essential commodities increases the technical efficiency of a man. But the need of mechanical technology is limited. On the basis of individual’s technical skills and Income, employment based industries increases. Under such circumstances, there is no specific role of capital based industries. The possibility of increase in the income of an individual in an employment intensive industry is quite natural. If there is an increase in the income of individuals, other ways of development becomes clear involuntarily. Hence Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is properly assessed.
Under such process, Human based industries increases more than that of the industries based on market. But capital based industries do have process quite contrary. In this process, an artificial market is created through massive advertisement. Capital is used for ad, market and industry respectively. Not only this, in a capital based industry, strong sense of personal gain prevails. First, a capitalist considers which product will benefit him most. The following course of actions are adopted in such process: (see Table 2)
Thus, in a capital intensive industry, neither there is ample scope of employment nor is the equitable distribution of profits. In this system, very few people control the capital. As a result, poor becomes poorer and rich becomes richer.
There needs to be a debate over which process should be adopted for development —Capital intensive or employment intensive. The Capital intensive industries give employment to a limited number of individuals due to massive use of High Tech Machines. Common people are neglected. Hence, there is a prime need of labour intensive industries in our country. In a labour intensive industry, the efficiency of a person counts. The efficiency depends upon one’s interest of work. Thus, his capacity starts developing. He attempts to manufacture such product which is acceptable to all thereby building up a natural market on his own. But he needs some facilitation, the responsibility of which falls upon the shoulders of the government.
The presence of democracy is felt in a system where a man makes a product of his own choice keeping in view the need and requirement of common man. This happens in a process where every one makes production on the basis of their own skill to meet each other’s needs. Hence it is said, ‘Production of the product by the people of the people and for the people’. On accepting this truth, the importance of technique based Labour will increase in place of technique based Machines. High technique without high technology is the call of the nature.
In this way, a man creates his own employment as per his own choice which is an absolutely democratic course. Not only this, market too develops in accordance with the people’s personal choice. The need of the market takes shape accordingly. It means the democratic process prevails both in the employment and the market with its full effect. This economic process is the Democratic Economic process.
