The North Eastern State of Assam, known for its rich cultural tapestry and diverse communities, has long grappled with issues surrounding land rights, linguistic identity, and socio-economic empowerment of its indigenous peoples. In recent years, under the dynamic leadership of Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, the Government of Assam has undertaken significant initiatives to safeguard the interests of indigenous communities, including the Ahoms, Koch Rajbongshis, Gorkhas, and various tribal groups. With a holistic approach aimed at ensuring inclusivity and equitable development, these initiatives reflect a commitment to preserving the unique cultural heritage and rights of Assam’s indigenous populations.
Protecting land rights At Balipara Tribal Belt
One of the cornerstone initiatives of the Government of Assam under Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma has been the protection of land rights for indigenous communities. Ensuring the protection of land rights for indigenous communities is paramount for upholding their cultural heritage and securing their livelihoods. In the context of the Balipara Tribal Belt, it is imperative to include the Ahom, Koch Rajbongshi, and Gorkha communities in the list of protected classes of persons. These communities have a historical presence and have been occupying the land prior to 2011, thus establishing their legitimate claim to it.
By recognising the land rights of the Ahom, Koch Rajbongshi, and Gorkha communities, the Assam Government affirms their status as bona fide Indian citizens with inherent rights to their ancestral lands. This inclusion not only safeguards their cultural identity but also acknowledges their contributions to the rich tapestry of India’s diverse heritage.
The protection of land rights is not merely a legal obligation but a moral imperative rooted in principles of justice and equity. It is essential to prevent the marginalisation and disenfranchisement of indigenous communities who have been stewards of the land for generations. By extending legal protections to these communities, the Government of Assam, under Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, fosters social cohesion and upholds the foundational values of inclusivity and respect for indigenous rights.
Incorporating the Ahom, Koch Rajbongshi, and Gorkha communities into the list of protected classes signifies a commitment to rectify historical injustices and to build a more equitable society where the rights of all citizens, regardless of ethnicity or background, are upheld and respected. It is a crucial step towards fostering harmonious coexistence and ensuring the well-being of indigenous peoples who are integral to the fabric of our nation.
Protection in Sadiya
In a significant development for the Gorkha communities residing in parts of Assam, the Government of Assam has recently issued a crucial notification. This notification extends the status of ‘protected classes’ to the Gorkha community within the Sadiya Tribal Belt, providing them with long-awaited land rights. Alongside the Ahom, Moran, Mattock, and Chutia communities, Gorkhas in the Sadiya Tribal Belt now stand to gain rightful ownership of ancestral lands where their families have resided for generations. Despite enduring decades of habitation in the tribal belts of Sadia, these communities have faced the challenge of land ownership due to their exclusion from the category of ‘protected classes.’ However, with this recent decision by the Government, Gorkhas, alongside the aforementioned communities, are poised to secure their land rights, marking a significant step towards their socio-economic empowerment and recognition within the region.
Safeguard in Murkongselek Jonai Tribal Belt
A significant step towards safeguarding the rights of marginalised communities within the Murkongselek Jonai Tribal Belt is underway with the proposed enlistment of Tai-Ahom, Chutia, Koch-Rajbongshi (including Koch), and Gorkha community members as a Protected Class of Persons. This initiative, intended for bona fide Indian citizens who have settled in the region up to the year 2011, aims to ensure equitable representation and protection for historically disadvantaged groups.
Furthermore, the establishment of the new Tribal Belt, “Sissi Tangani Tribal Belt,” encompassing 89 villages under the jurisdiction of the Sissiborgaon Revenue Circle, marks a significant expansion in the recognition and inclusion of tribal communities. Concurrently, the denotification of the existing Charikoria Tribal Belt reflects a dynamic approach towards addressing the evolving socio-political landscape and the changing needs of the tribal populace.
These strategic measures underscore a commitment to fostering inclusive governance and empowering marginalised groups within the region, thereby fostering a more equitable and harmonious society.
Protection of Gorkhas in BTR
The Assam Government’s declaration of Gorkhas living in the tribal belts and blocks within the Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) as a protected class marks a significant step towards safeguarding their rights and interests. This decision, made under the provisions of chapter X of the Assam Land and Revenue Regulation, 1886, extends various benefits to the Gorkha community, particularly easing land transactions in the districts of Kokrajhar, Chirang, Baksa, and Udalguri.
With over 2.5 lakh Gorkha community members set to benefit from this move, the Government’s decision addresses longstanding concerns regarding land ownership and transfers for this demographic. The inclusion of Gorkhas as a protected class applies to those who have been residing in the specified areas before 2003, coinciding with the districts’ incorporation under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution.
Basundhra and relaxation to Gorkha and Vanvasi
Under the visionary Mission Basundhara, the Government of Assam has embarked on a mission mode approach to accelerate the disposal of land-related services and reduce pendency in updating land records. Through the Basundhara 2.0 and Basundhara 3.0 portals, citizens, including members of indigenous communities, can avail themselves of essential land services such as settlement of occupancy rights, mutation, regularisation of land holdings, and online payment of land revenue. By leveraging technology and administrative reforms, the Government aims to create an enabling environment for transparent and efficient land management, thereby facilitating socio-economic development and empowerment at the grassroots level.
In a significant move towards inclusivity and land rights empowerment, Chief Minister Sarma unveiled groundbreaking reforms under Mission Basundhara 3.0. Notably, the Government has extended the relaxation of the ‘three-generation’ certificate requirement to the Gorkha and Adivasi communities. This progressive step ensures that members from these communities can now obtain land rights without the burden of furnishing lengthy ancestral documentation. By eliminating this barrier, the Government paves the way for equitable access to land ownership, fostering social justice and empowerment among marginalised groups.
Ensuring access to Justice
In a landmark decision, the Government of Assam, has demonstrated its commitment to upholding the rights of the Gorkha community by withdrawing D Voters cases filed against them and discontinuing prosecution under the Citizenship Act. This move, which comes as a relief for thousands of Gorkha families in the State, reaffirms the Government’s stance on recognising the Gorkhas as integral members of Assamese society. By respecting the cultural identity and citizenship status of the Gorkha community, the Government sets a precedent for inclusive governance and social cohesion, fostering a sense of belonging and dignity among marginalised communities.
In Assam, where approximately 20 lakh Gorkhas reside, these initiatives are poised to positively impact a significant portion of the community, fostering a sense of security and empowerment among its members. By recognising and formalising their status within the tribal belts and blocks, the Government endeavours to promote inclusivity and equitable access to resources and opportunities for the Gorkha population in the region.
Promoting Linguistic Diversity
In alignment with the National Education Policy 2020, the Government of Assam has taken proactive steps to promote linguistic diversity and preserve the cultural heritage of tribal communities. By introducing tribal languages such as Mising, Rabha, Karbi, Tiwa, Deori, and Dimasa as mediums of instruction in the foundational stage of school education, the Government ensures that indigenous students have the opportunity to learn and thrive in their mother tongues. This initiative not only enhances educational outcomes but also fosters a sense of pride and identity among tribal youth, strengthening the social fabric of Assam.
Recognition of Manipuri as an Associate Official Language
In a historic decision aimed at promoting linguistic inclusivity, the Government of Assam has approved the recognition of Manipuri as an Associate Official Language in four districts of the State. By acknowledging the linguistic rights of the Manipuri people and safeguarding their cultural heritage, the Government reaffirms its commitment to pluralism and diversity. This move not only enhances linguistic rights but also fosters greater social cohesion and integration, paving the way for a more inclusive and harmonious society.
The initiatives undertaken by the Government of Assam under the leadership of Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma underscore a visionary approach to governance that prioritises the interests and rights of indigenous communities. From protecting land rights and streamlining land revenue services to promoting linguistic diversity and ensuring access to justice, these initiatives reflect a commitment to inclusive development and social justice. By empowering indigenous communities and fostering a sense of belonging and dignity, the Government sets a precedent for equitable governance and sustainable development in Assam. As the State continues on its path of progress, it is imperative to build upon these efforts and uphold the principles of inclusivity, diversity, and social justice for all.
