In a landmark ruling, the Court of Appeal has upheld the UK government’s decision to revoke the citizenship of Shamima Begum, the former east London schoolgirl who left Britain to join the Islamic State (IS) in Syria nine years ago at the age of 15. The decision comes after a lengthy legal battle and marks a significant development in the highly contentious case.
Shamima Begum, now 24 years old, had lost her appeal at the Special Immigration Appeals Commission (SIAC) in February of last year. Despite her legal team’s efforts to challenge the decision, the Court of Appeal, led by Justice Dame Sue Carr, unanimously dismissed her appeal on February 23.
In her ruling, Dame Sue Carr acknowledged the complexity of the case, stating, “It could be argued that the decision in Miss Begum’s case was harsh. It could also be argued that Miss Begum is the author of her misfortune. But it is not for this court to agree or disagree with either point of view.” The court’s task, she emphasised, was solely to assess whether the deprivation decision was lawful, which they concluded it was.
The legal battle centred on whether the UK government’s decision to revoke Begum’s citizenship was lawful and whether it took into account her status as a potential victim of human trafficking. Samantha Knights KC, representing Begum, argued during the October appeal hearing that the government had failed to fulfil its legal obligations towards Begum. However, Sir James Eadie KC, representing the Home Office, stressed that national security concerns were paramount in the case.
Baroness Carr noted, “We are not persuaded that there was any obligation on the Secretary of State to take into account the possibility that there might be a duty to investigate the circumstances of Ms Begum’s trafficking, alternatively, to consider whether any such investigation as might be required would be enhanced by her presence in this country,” in the 42-page public judgment.
She added, “In our judgment, SIAC was entitled to find, as the specialist tribunal established by Parliament, that the issue of whether and to what extent Ms Begum’s travel to Syria had been voluntary was within the expertise of the intelligence agencies advising the Secretary of State. Ms Begum may well have been influenced and manipulated by others but still have made a calculated decision to travel to Syria and align with ISIL (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant).”
The court found that there was no obligation on the government to investigate the circumstances of Begum’s travel to Syria or consider her claims of being a victim of trafficking. They upheld SIAC’s decision that Begum’s travel to Syria was voluntary and aligned with ISIL.
Begum’s counsel presented five arguments challenging SIAC’s decision, including allegations of unfairness on the part of former Home Secretary Sajid Javid. However, the court invalidated each claim, emphasising that in cases involving national security, public sector equality responsibilities did not apply.
Despite the setback, Begum’s legal team is expected to appeal the latest judgment. Gareth Peirce, one of her lawyers, emphasised that as long as Begum remains in the refugee camp in northern Syria, the legal battle will continue.
The ruling has sparked debate over citizenship revocation and national security measures, with implications that extend beyond Begum’s case. The court’s decision sets a precedent for future cases involving individuals accused of joining extremist groups abroad and raises questions about the legal rights of such individuals, particularly concerning citizenship and national security.
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