Open Forum Colonial Loot, Impoverished India

Source: Table 2-21b Maddison (1989, pp. 647-8 with revision of Indian/British income ratio. The ‘drain (i.e. the colonial burden as measured by the trade surplus of the colony) figures prominently in the literature of Indian nationalism, beginning with Naoroji in the 1870s (see Naoroji- 1901).