In a moment of deep civilisational significance and cultural resurgence, the Sacred Relics of the Buddha, originally excavated from Piprahwa, present situated in Siddharth Nagar District of Uttar Pradesh, in 1898, have been brought back to India after 127 years.
The repatriation of the Buddha’s relics to India represents a momentous event, not only for the Indian populace but especially for the Buddhist community. This act symbolises a reconnection with the spiritual heritage of India, where the Buddha Dhamma originated over two millennia ago. For we Indians, the return of these relics is a source of immense pride and a reaffirmation of our faith, fostering a renewed sense of cultural and religious identity. Moreover, it underscores India’s historical role as the cradle of Buddhist thought and practice, strengthening the bonds between the nation and the Buddha’s global followers. The veneration of the Buddha’s relics holds profound spiritual and cultural significance within the Buddhist tradition. It is widely believed among devotees that an audience with these sacred relics is tantamount to encountering the Buddha himself, thereby conferring immense spiritual blessings. The relics, as tangible connections to the Buddha, serve as potent symbols of his enduring presence and teachings, inspiring reverence and devotion.
High-level diplomatic effort
The return of the relics was facilitated through a high-level diplomatic effort led by the Government of India, under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, with coordinated initiatives undertaken by the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of External Affairs.
History of the Jewel Relics
The Sacred Relics were discovered in 1898 by British civil engineer William Claxton Peppe, who undertook an excavation at the Piprahwa stupa in the Basti district near the Indo-Nepal border, Mahabhiniskramana (Leaving the palace in search of truth). Among the discoveries were a stone coffer and a series of smaller reliquaries that held crystalline caskets, gold and garnet jewellery, and charred human remains. The Piprahwa relic casket bears an important Brahmi inscription in early Prakrit, which says, “Sukiti bhatinika-sa bhagavato sakiyanam sa-puta-dalanam iyam salila-nidhane bhagavato sakiyanam”, translated as “This relic-depository of the Lord (Bhagavā) is that of the Śākyas, the brothers, the sons, the relatives of the Blessed One.” However, it is also rendered as “Ayaṃ Bhagavato dhātunidhānaṃ Sākiyānaṃ bhātūnaṃ, puttānaṃ ca ñātīnañca” as per the Pāli version, it means “This is a relic depository of the Blessed One, belonging to the Śākyas, his brothers, sons, and relatives.” Most significantly, widely interpreted to refer to the relics of the Śākyas, the kinsmen of the Buddha. Archaeological and epigraphic evidence pointed to these relics being among the earliest and most authentic remains associated with the Buddha’s mortal body, enshrined by the Śākyas themselves. The discovery established Piprahwa as one of the earliest known Buddhist stupa sites in the Indian subcontinent and marked it as a cornerstone of the Buddha’s legacy.
Following the discovery, a significant portion of the relics and accompanying objects were shipped to Britain. Over the decades, these sacred artefacts found their way into private collections and museums, far removed from the cultural and spiritual geography of their origin. For many decades, the relics remained outside public and religious access in India, symbolising a broader narrative of the colonial era displacement of sacred heritage.
Holy Relics auction in Hong Kong
In a recent and startling development, Sotheby’s auction house in Hong Kong announced the auctioning of the Piprahwa relic jewellery, including intricately crafted gold, garnet, and crystal ornaments from the 1898 excavation. The proposed auction, which was to include some of the most historically significant devotional offerings, triggered a wave of concern among Buddhist communities and cultural heritage scholars across the globe. This development served as a clarion call for India to act decisively and reclaim its sacred treasures before they were scattered into private hands once more. In response to this urgent situation, the Government of India swiftly mobilised its diplomatic and cultural channels. Under the visionary leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, a multi-pronged effort was launched to halt the sale and secure the return of the relics. The Ministry of Culture, in close coordination with the Ministry of External Affairs and India’s diplomatic missions in Hong Kong and London, entered into dialogue with Sotheby’s, heritage custodians, and private holders. These efforts were diplomatically sensitive, as they involved tracing provenance, asserting cultural ownership, and appealing to moral and ethical standards of heritage repatriation.
Return of the Relics
The relics were officially brought back to India on July 30, 2025, following successful negotiations that avoided the public auction and ensured a dignified transfer. The return was commemorated in a formal reception organised by the Ministry of Culture, attended by Buddhist monks, heritage officials, diplomats, and scholars. It was a moment of solemn reverence and national pride. In a symbolic gesture, the relics are placed at the National Museum, New Delhi, for public veneration, reinforcing India’s role as the custodian of the Buddha’s legacy.
This repatriation is emblematic of the Indian government’s broader vision of “Vikas Bhi Virasat Bhi”, a commitment to development that honours civilisational values. Under Prime Minister Modi’s leadership, India has emerged as a proactive agent in heritage diplomacy, securing the return of stolen idols, manuscripts, and sacred relics from across the globe. India’s Buddhist Civilisationals connect initiative, particularly since 2014, has strategically focused on restoring ancient linkages with Buddhist-majority countries, organising global relic exhibitions, and fostering academic, spiritual, and tourism initiatives across the Buddhist Circuit.
“Buddha returned home, thankful to the hard work of the Government”, said Lama Zhotpa, President of the Himalayan Culture Buddhist Association.
The return of the Piprahwa relics now stands as a testament to this vision. The homecoming of the Piprahwa relics is not just about correcting a historical wrong; it is about re-establishing sacred connections that were violently disrupted by colonialism. It is about reinvigorating India’s spiritual leadership in the Buddhist world and reinforcing its position as the birthplace of the Buddha and cradle of his teachings. It is not wrong to say that “This is not just a return of sacred relics, but it is the return of India’s soul.” India calls upon the global community to join in celebrating this spiritual and cultural milestone and to recognise the ethical imperative of returning sacred heritage to its rightful cultural and geographical context.
“Great day for the Buddhist world, this relics is associated with the Buddha now has come back home, showing path to future generations”, Ven. Thich Nu Hai Minh (Bhikhuni), Vietnam, was one of the first foreigners who welcomed chanting of the Relics in the National Museum.
Under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the Indian government has made significant strides in reviving the nation’s ancient cultural and spiritual legacy. From the revival of the ancient Nalanda tradition through the establishment of the Nalanda University to the repatriation of irreplaceable artefacts, including sacred relics and statues of Lord Buddha, the government is actively working to restore India’s civilisational pride. The recent successful effort to halt the auction and bring back the sacred Piprahwa relics is a testament to this commitment. By correcting historical wrongs and reclaiming lost heritage, the Modi government is reasserting India’s role as a spiritual and cultural beacon for the world.
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