“The court of appeals affirmed, agreeing with the district court that petitioner’s extradition was consistent with the non bis in idem clause because “the crimes charged in India have elements independent from those under which [petitioner] was prosecuted in the United States.”
— Tahawwur Hussain Rana, Petitioner v. W.Z. Jenkins, II, On Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit Brief for the Respondent in Opposition, In the Supreme Court of the United States, No. 24-550, p. 7
On April 4, 2025, the US Supreme Court dismissed the review plea filed by Tahawwur Hussain Rana as a last-ditch attempt to obtain relief in the long-pending case, paving the way for his extradition to Bharat. On April 10, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) got the formal custody of one of the most wanted accused in the Mumbai terror attack on November 26, 2008. Although Bharat has successfully signed extradition treaties with many countries since the 1990s, the complexities of legal procedures make it challenging to extradite notorious criminals due to diverse domestic laws. Bharat’s successful extradition of Rana with continuous pursuance is significant in multiple ways.
The Pakistani-born Canadian terrorist, who claimed to be a military doctor, is known for his involvement in at least twelve terrorist plots as a member of the designated terror outfit Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT). The Mumbai terror attack of 2008 was one of the monstrous acts that originated from the global exporter of terrorism – Pakistan. One hundred sixty-six people, including American and Israeli nationals, lost their lives, and hundreds were injured in the terror attack in which Rana was the facilitator of David Headley and company. He was arrested for the links with a foiled attack on the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten in 2009 for allegedly drawing a cartoon of the Prophet of Islam. Though Rana was acquitted by a US court of direct participation in the Mumbai attacks, he was convicted of providing material support to David Headley in both the Mumbai and Copenhagen attacks. When the chances of extradition were bleak, the 2011 charge sheet named both Headley and Rana and gave trial in absentia, which goes against the spirit of natural justice. The investigation process in this case faced a unique challenge as all the accused persons were foreign nationals – seven being Pakistani citizens and two being citizens of the US and Canada. Still, Bharatiya agencies pursued the matter and successfully managed the extradition as a legal and diplomatic success of the Government.
At the domestic level, there was an attempt to give a clean cheat to Pakistan to peddle the ‘Saffron Terror’ theory. Thanks to the heroic sacrifice of Sub-Inspector Tukaram Omble of Mumbai Police, Ajmal Kasab, one of the executors of the Mumbai terror attack, was arrested and tried in the court and Pakistan’s link leading to Hafiz Saeed, Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi, and Ilyas Kashmiri of LeT and Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami (HUJI) was established. To foil the outrageous attempt by some Congress leaders to blame Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) for the terror attack would further be demolished with Rana’s investigation.
The war against terror cannot be fought by sending soldiers on foreign soil. The epicentres of terrorism like Pakistan should be isolated and taught a lesson that exporting terror cannot be a foreign policy choice. The terror funding network needs to be choked from all sides. Domestic legal regimes and security apparatus should be strengthened to dismantle the terror networks and sleeper cells. All democracies must cooperate on the intelligence and extradition front to counter terrorism. While doing all this, even a terror accused should not be denied a fair trial in a court of law. Bharat has demonstrated all these dimensions of the war on terror in its conduct. How Bharat’s legal and diplomatic acumen could convince the otherwise very liberal
US courts about the charges Rana has to face is exemplary and should become a case study in legal investigations on terrorism.
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