Rock carvings of neolithic period discovered in Goa
Understanding the rich history of a place like Goa is a fascinating journey, particularly when delving into its prehistoric roots. Mauxi (Mhaus) village in the Sattari taluka has shed light on some captivating aspects of Goa’s Neolithic period through the discovery of ancient rock carvings.
Held in the precincts of the Ravalnath Temple, the 11th edition of the Cultural and Heritage Walk, or Parikrama, revealed intriguing details about the region’s early inhabitants. These carvings, etched into the meta basalt rock on the dry riverbed of the Zarme river, offer a glimpse into Goa’s distant past. The carvings predominantly feature animals, such as zebus, bulls, and antelopes, along with footprints and cupules—circular cavities on the rock surface.
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The discovery of these carvings, initially made by local residents about 20 years ago, underscores the significance of community involvement in uncovering historical artefacts. Around 20 rock etchings have been identified in this area, showcasing the use of the bruising technique. Additionally, tools from the same period have been found on the riverbed, further validating the site’s historical importance.
The site has drawn attention from several researchers and officials from the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), confirming its Neolithic origins. This period marks a pivotal time when humans began domesticating cattle, reflected in the numerous carvings of bulls. The Mauxi carvings stand out from other notable petroglyphs in Goa, such as those at Pansaimol on the banks of the River Kushavati in Sanguem, which are believed to belong to the Mesolithic period and are created on laterite, and those at Kazur in Quepem, etched on granite.
One striking carving at Mauxi depicts a trident, a symbol associated with the Iron Age, hinting at the site’s continuous significance through various historical periods. The presence of the Dhawad community, early settlers and ironsmiths adds another layer to the historical narrative, although new settlers eventually displaced this community.
The final point is a rock with cupules, worshipped outside the Puravati Temple. Initially believed to represent a star constellation with 27 cupules, further research indicated 31 cupules, sparking curiosity about their exact significance. While the precise purpose of these cupules remains unclear, they are a common feature in ancient civilisations worldwide and are often linked to fertility rites.
A visit to this prehistoric site reveals the deeply embedded history of Goa within the forests of the Western Ghats. Conserving such sites and promoting further research is essential for enhancing our understanding of human civilisation’s early chapters and preserving our rich heritage for future generations.
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